According to "Theory Y", then, management should promote self- control and participation in order to appeal to the desire for self-actualization and thus motivate more effectively. The redesign of jobs to make them more interesting and rewarding, the participiation of subordinates in decision making, and the replacement of close supervision with more general supervision are specific devices which can be used toward this end. McGregor does not think that the change will be easy, since both managers and subordinates are accustomed to thinking in "Theory X" terms. time and effort are required to change the orientation of people who have always been treated as through they are basically lazy and stupid.